TRADE TERMS
Flexible Terms. Clear Responsibilities. Smooth International Trade.
- EXW · FOB · CFR · CIF · DDU · DDP
TRADE TERMS FOR INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS
Each term defines a different division of cost, logistics responsibility and delivery scope. The suitable option depends on destination, customs capability and preferred logistics control.
EX Works
Free On Board
Cost and Freight
Cost, Insurance & Freight
Delivered Duty Unpaid
Delivered Duty Paid
The exact named place or port, freight scope, customs responsibility, insurance arrangement and destination services are subject to the final quotation or contract agreed between both parties.
DDU is a legacy term and is not part of the current Incoterms rules. For new contracts, DAP is generally used where the seller delivers to destination while the buyer handles import clearance, duties and taxes.
Which Trade Term Fits Your Project?
This simplified comparison helps customers understand the general logistics scope of each option. Final responsibilities follow the signed commercial agreement.
| Term | Main Freight | Insurance | Import Clearance / Duty | Typical Use |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EXW | Buyer | Buyer | Buyer | Buyer manages logistics from factory pickup. |
| FOB | Buyer | Buyer | Buyer | Seller handles export to port; buyer controls ocean freight. |
| CFR | Seller to named port | Buyer | Buyer | Seller arranges sea freight without insurance. |
| CIF | Seller to named port | Seller arranges cover | Buyer | Freight plus insurance to destination port. |
| DDU | Seller to destination | As agreed | Buyer | Legacy term; DAP generally used for new contracts. |
| DDP | Seller to destination | As agreed | Seller where feasible | Most comprehensive seller-managed delivery. |
